1942: South Carolina

Area and Population.

One of the original thirteen states, South Carolina occupies a part of the eastern slope of the United States, along the southeast coast. The total area is 31,055 sq. mi., of which 461 sq. mi. are inland water. The state is divided into three physiographic provinces which extend from north-east, to south-west. The northwest belt lies within the Blue Ridge province, in which are located the highest elevations and the most rugged relief. A central belt is a part of the Piedmont Upland province. The Piedmont has a rolling topography with elevations ranging from 200 to 400 feet along the southeastern border, and from 1,200 to 1,500 feet at the base of the Blue Ridge. The southeastern or coastal belt, which forms a part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, is low in elevation and comparatively level.

The total population of South Carolina according to the 1940 census was 1,899,804, an increase of 161,039 or 9.3 per cent since 1930. The Bureau of the Census estimated the civilian population of the state at 1,904,418 on May 1, 1942. In 1940 the population was made up of 1,084,308 white persons and 814,164 non-white, all but a few of whom were Negroes. The urban population comprised 24.5 per cent of the total population in 1940 as compared with 21.3 per cent in 1930.

The leading cities of the state with their 1940 populations are: Columbia, the state capital, 62,396; Charleston, the principal seaport, 71,275; Greenville, 34,734; and Spartanburg, 32,249.

Education.

According to the 1940 census there were 654,115 persons of school age (5-19 years) in the state, 346,234 white and 307,881 nonwhite. During the school year 1941-1942 there were 188,300 white and 191,553 Negro children enrolled in the elementary schools, and 74,280 white and 21,077 Negro children enrolled in the high schools. The school system included 497 white and 198 Negro elementary schools, and 318 white and 138 Negro high schools. There was spent for public schools a total of $17,179,183 during the 1941-1942 session.

For the school year 1940-1941 the average annual salary for teachers in the white elementary schools was $998 for men and $856 for women; in the high schools the salaries were $1,433 for men and $960 for women. The average annual salary for Negro teachers in the elementary schools was $411 for men, and $372 for women; and in the high schools $600 for men and $506 for women.

Agriculture.

According to preliminary data the 1942 cotton crop amounted to 705,000 bales. Record crops of wheat (3,455,000 bu.) and oats (12,534,000 bu.) were produced in 1942, and the second largest peach crop (3,500,000 bu.) was harvested. There was approximately a 4 per cent increase in the total acreage in crops as compared with 1941, increases occurring in all crops except corn; the acreage of peanuts was more than three times that of 1941. Preliminary data indicate a total crop volume about equal to that of 1940, but 29 per cent above 1941 and 12 per cent above the 1930-39 average.

Industry.

For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, the total capital invested in all manufacturing industries of the state amounted to $450,462,475, which was a gain of $29,022,486 over that reported for the previous fiscal year. The total value of all manufactured products for the same period was $855,676,252, showing an increase over the preceding year of $282,057,203. The average number of employees in all manufacturing industries was 157,345 and the total wages paid (not including salaries) amounted to $166,306,969, an increase of $47,681,028 over the previous year. The employees in manufacturing were 53.7 per cent white males, 29.6 per cent white females, 15.6 per cent Negro males, and 1.1 per cent Negro females.

The textile industry, which accounted for 70.5 per cent of the total number employed in manufacturing and 74.3 per cent of the wages paid, was by far the leading manufacturing industry. The capital invested in the textile industry for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, amounted to $225,856,905, as compared with $209,157,357 the previous year. The value of textile products during the fiscal year was $623,870,751, an increase of $241,116,800 over the year before. A total of 233 textile plants were active during the year. The average number of employees in the textile industry was 110,992, an increase of 8,650, over the preceding year, and the wages paid amounted to $123,560,940, an increase of $36,482,691.

Second to textiles in value were the industries utilizing forestry resources, for such products as lumber and timber, paper and pulp, furniture, and barrels and boxes. With a capital investment of $41,292,688 these manufactured products were valued at $67,083,368. The 17,868 employees in the wood industries received $15,838,200 in wages.

Third in importance was electrical power production, which was valued at $23,080,314, an increase of $4,019,214 over the preceding year. The capital invested was $129,275,049, which does not include some $60,000,000 invested in the recently completed Santee-Cooper Power and Navigation project which began delivery of power early in 1942.

Mineral Production.

The value of mineral products reported for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, was $4,573,627, an increase of $627,560 over the previous year. Crushed stone to the amount of 1,719,796 tons, 1,089,030 tons of sand and gravel, and 102,859 tons of kaolin were produced. Gold production for 1941 amounted to 15,400 oz., the major part coming from the Haile mine near Kershaw.

Finance.

There was appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1943 a total sum of $14,656,901.49 for the expenses of the state.

This sum does not include expenditures from earmarked income such as gasoline tax and automobile license fees used for highway purposes, nor beer, wine, and liquor taxes, etc.

The total appropriation to the State Department of Public Welfare amounted to $2,359,500, of which $1,319,500 was designated for old-age assistance, $42,500 for aid to the blind, $390,000 for dependent children, and $100,000 for general relief.

The collections of the Bureau of Internal Revenue in South Carolina for the year ending June 30, 1942 amounted to $47,928,256.92, of which $37,626,300.91 was from income taxes; unemployment insurance collections totalled $5,326,370.59.

Banking.

There were 87 state banks and 22 national banks in operation during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942. Deposits and resources of each were respectively $71,710,423.99 and $155,688,000.00; and $81,146,491.68 and $167,064,000.00.

Defense.

South Carolina's textile industry continues to contribute to the war effort, several plants having been awarded the Army-Navy E. At the various training stations, such as Fort Jackson, Camp Croft, Parris Island, and Shaw Field, thousands upon thousands of trained soldiers, marines, and pilots have been given war training. The Charleston navy yard has been greatly expanded and numerous air bases have been established in the state. The people of South Carolina have contributed to the war effort by oversubscribing the state's quota of war bonds each month.

Political Events.

Former Lieutenant Governor J. Emile Harley died on Feb. 27, 1942. He had become governor on Nov. 4, 1941, upon the election of former Governor Burnet R. Maybank to the United States Senate to fill out the unexpired term of Senator James F. Byrnes, who had been appointed to the United States Supreme Court. Since no successor to the lieutenant-governorship had taken office at the time of his death, Richard M. Jeffries, president pro tem of the Senate, became governor of the state on March 2, 1942. In the 1942 fall election, Olin D. Johnston was elected governor, and Senator Maybank was reelected, over Eugene Blease, for a full term. On Oct. 3, 1942, Associate Justice James F. Byrnes resigned from the United States Supreme Court to become Director of Economic Stabilization.

State Officers.

Governor, Olin D. Johnston; Lieutenant Governor, Ransome J. Williams; Secretary of State, W. P. Blackwell; State Treasurer, Jeff Bates; Comptroller General, E. C. Rhodes; Auditor, J. M. Smith; Attorney General, John M. Daniel; State Superintendent of Education, J. H. Hope.

United States Senators:

Ellison D. Smith, Burnet R. Maybank.

1941: South Carolina

Area and Population.

One of the original thirteen states, South Carolina occupies a part of the eastern slope of the southern United States. The state is roughly triangular in shape, with an east-west extent of 273 mi. and a north-south extent of 210 mi. The total area of the state is 31,055 sq. mi., of which 461 sq. mi. are inland water surface. The highest elevation in the state is Sassafras Mountain, located on the northwest border, and 3,548 ft. high.

The total population of South Carolina, according to the census of 1940, was 1,899,804, an increase of 161,039 or 9.3 per cent since 1930. In 1940 the population was made up of 1,083,766 white persons and 816,038 non-white, all but a few of whom were Negroes. Between 1930 and 1940 the white population increased by 139,717, or 14.8 per cent, and the nonwhite by 21,322, or 2.7 per cent. The urban population comprised 24.5 per cent of the total population in 1940, as compared with 21.3 per cent in 1930.

The leading cities of the state, with their 1940 populations and the increase since 1930, are: Columbia, the state capital, 62,396, increase 10,815; Charleston, the principal seaport, 71,275, increase 9,010; Greenville, 34,734, increase 5,580; and Spartanburg, 32,249, increase 3,526.

Education.

According to preliminary census data, in 1940 there were 653,455 persons in South Carolina of school age (5-19 years). Of this total 345,538 were white and 307,917 non-white. For the school year 1940-41, there were 191,198 white and 193,598 Negro children enrolled in the elementary schools, and 74,874 whites and 19,392 Negroes enrolled in the high schools. During the 1939-40 school year there were 1,470 white and 2,192 Negro elementary schools, and 315 white and 151 Negro high schools. During the school year 1940-41, there was spent for public-school education a total of $18,432,946, of which $2,810,917 was for Negroes. For the school year 1939-40, the average teacher's salary for white elementary schools was $865, and $371 for Negro elementary schools. For high schools the average teacher's salary was $1,067 for whites and $535 for Negroes.

The General Assembly provided for an increase in teacher's salaries for 1941-42, pay to be based on grade of certificate and teaching experience, which will result in approximately $1,000,000 increase in total teacher-pay over the preceding school year.

Agriculture.

The 1941 cotton crop, according to preliminary data, was 405,000 bales, the smallest crop since 1878 and only 42 per cent of the 1940 production. The yield per harvested acre was approximately 165 lb., the second lowest in 43 years. Excessive summer rainfall brought about this reduction of the cotton crop, as well as nearly a one-fourth decrease in tobacco production.

Industry.

For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, the total capital invested in all manufacturing industries of the state amounted to $421,439,989, a gain of $15,228,322 over that reported for the previous fiscal year. The total value of all manufactured products for the same period amounted to $573,619,049, an increase over the preceding year of $127,535,483. The average number of employees in all manufacturing industries was 145,889, and the total wages paid (not including salaries) amounted to $118,625,941, an increase of $18,604,227 over the previous year.

The textile industry of South Carolina, which accounts for about one-fourth of the nation's active spindle hours, is the state's outstanding manufacturing industry. The capital invested in the textile industry for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, amounted to $209,157,357, as compared with $205,103,617 the previous year. The textile industry reported the value of products produced during the year as $382,753,951, an increase of $92,659,828. Eight mills were dropped from the active list and two were added, making a total of 230 plants active during the year, and comprising 5,655,602 spindles and 146,565 looms. The average number of employees in the textile industry was 102,342, and the wages paid amounted to $87,078,249, an increase of $13,602,430 over the previous year. The mills consumed 1,829,722 bales of cotton, 313,988 more than the preceding year.

Second to textiles in the value of their products are the industries utilizing forestry resources, such as those dealing with lumber and timber, pulp and paper, furniture, and barrels and boxes. With a capital investment of $38,015,733, there were manufactured in 1941 products valued at $68,458,243, an increase of $27,839,371 over 1940. The 20,030 employees in the forestry industries received $14,011,117 in wages.

Third in importance was the production of electricity, valued at $19,061,100. South Carolina, with a total horse-power equaling 838,549, ranks sixth among the states in the installed water-wheel capacity devoted to electric production. The Santee-Cooper power and navigation project, started in 1938, had first actual power tests on Dec. 17, and will begin power delivery early in 1942. The project, one of the largest in the United States, will develop 700,000,000 kilowatt hours of energy a year.

Mineral Products.

The value of mineral products for the year ending June 30, 1941, amounted to $3,946,067, an increase of $1,066,337 over the previous year. Crushed stone to the amount of 1,249,168 tons (nearly twice the amount of the year before), 988,362 tons of sand and gravel, and 140,316 tons of kaolin were produced. Gold production for 1940 amounted to 12,960 oz., which was 71 per cent of the total gold produced in eastern United States. Nearly all the gold came from the Haile mine near Kershaw.

Finance.

The total receipts of the state for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, were $63,360,475.63 while the total disbursements were $58,195,410.38.

There was appropriated for the fiscal year a total sum of $13,171,564.99.

This does not include expenditures from ear-marked income, such as the gasoline tax and automobile license fees used for highways, and beer, wine, and liquor taxes used for education, etc. A deficit of the previous fiscal year was cared for by the issuing of $2,250,000 in notes which fees collected from motor-vehicle carrier licenses were pledged to pay. The 1941 legislative act divesting these fees to the general fund was held constitutional by the State Supreme Court late in 1941.

The total assistance given through the state Department of Public Welfare for the year ending June 30, 1941, amounted to $2,638,498.11. Of this amount $1,672,670.85 was for old-age pensions, $97,048.55 for aid to the blind, $649,142.14 for dependent children, and $216,266.39 for general relief. During June, which was approximately an average month, 17,683 persons received old-age payments, 801 persons received aid for the blind, 10,992 dependent children were aided, and 2,214 persons received general relief.

The collections of the Bureau of Internal Revenue in South Carolina for the year ending June 30, 1941, were $16,663,942.32, of which income taxes amounted to $9,447,273.12, and unemployment insurance, etc., $3,997,155.32.

Political and Other Events.

The appointment of Senator James F. Byrnes as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, in June 1941, necessitated a primary during the year to nominate a Senator to complete Byrnes's term. Governor Burnet B. Maybank won in the primary, and on Nov. 5 became junior Senator from South Carolina. The Lieutenant Governor, J. Emile Harley, then replaced the Governor.

While South Carolina's textile industry has contributed heavily to defense production, the main developments in defense activities in the state have been in the location of training camps and bases there. Large Army training-centers have been provided at Camp Croft and Fort Jackson. Primary pilot-training bases have been established at Camden, Bennettsville, and Orangeburg, and a large basic training center at Camp Shaw near Sumter. Seven civilian airfields have been enlarged and are being used as needed by the Army. The Charleston Navy Yard has been considerably expanded.

State Officers.

Governor, J. Emile Harley (d. Feb. 1942); Secretary of State, W. P. Blackwell; State Treasurer, Jeff Bates; Comptroller General, A. J. Beattie; Auditor, J. M. Smith; Attorney General, John M. Daniel; State Superintendent of Education, J. H. Hope.

United States Senators:

Ellison D. Smith, Burnet R. Maybank.

1940: South Carolina

Area and Population.

One of the original thirteen states, South Carolina ranks 39th in size among all the states, with an area of 30,989 sq. mi.

The total population of the state according to the census of 1940 was 1,899,804, an increase of 161,039 or 9.3 per cent since 1930. The average density of population was 61 persons per square mile. The urban population amounted to 466,111 and the rural population 1,433,693.

The leading cities of the state, with their 1940 populations, are: Columbia, the state capital, 62,396, an increase of 10,815; Charleston, the principal seaport, 71,275, an increase of 9,010; Greenville, 34,734; and Spartanburg, 32,249.

Education.

For the school year 1939-40 there were 196,308 white and 198,642 Negro children enrolled in the elementary schools; and 69,537 white and 17,263 Negro children enrolled in the high schools. There were 1,470 white and 2,192 Negro elementary schools, and 315 white and 151 Negro high schools. Approximately $16,500,000 was spent for public-school education for the year, slightly more than half of which was state aid. For the school year 1938-39 the average salary of the total force of teacher and administration staff was $968 for white and $370 for Negro schools. The average teacher's salary for all elementary schools was $866 for white teachers and $349 for Negro teachers. For high school teachers the average salary was $1,087 for white and $541 for Negro teachers.

Agriculture.

The 1940 cotton crop, with an average yield of approximately 372 pounds of lint per acre, was the highest of record for the state. This yield exceeded by 30 pounds per acre the 1939 crop, and by 153 pounds per acre the 1928-32 average.

Industry.

For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, the total capital invested in all manufacturing industries of the state, according to preliminary figures, amounted to $406,211,667, a gain of $11,648,241 over that reported for the previous year. The total value of all manufactured products for the same period amounted to $446,083,566, an increase over the previous year of $63,793,525. The total wages paid (not including salaries) in all manufacturing in the state amounted to $100,021,714.

The textile industry was the most important both as to capital invested and value of product, the amounts being $205,103,617 and $290,094,123 respectively. During the fiscal year 1939-40 the state had a total of 236 textile manufacturing plants in operation. There were active during the year 5,670,900 spindles and 144,207 looms; and the average active spinning hours per spindle were 372 hours, 25 hours more than in Georgia, the next highest state. The wages paid textile employees totaled $73,475,819, an increase of $8,482,510 over the previous year. The mills of the state consumed 1,515,734 bales of cotton during the fiscal year, 166,827 bales more than in the preceding year.

Second to textiles in the value of product were the industries utilizing forestry resources, such as lumber and timber, pulp and paper, furniture, barrels and boxes. These industries had a product valued at $40,618,882, an increase of $7,589,801 over the year before. Electricity to the value of $17,189,289 was produced during the year. Production in the fertilizer industry was valued at $13,106,703.

Near the end of the year two hydro-electric power projects were completed in South Carolina, which already ranked sixth among the states in water-power capacity. The completed projects, the Buzzard Roost, county-owned, and the Abbeville, city-owned, both financed under loan and grant agreements by the PWA, will give an additional annual supply of 89,000,000 kilowatt hours of energy. The Santee-Cooper Power and Navigation project, started in 1938, was nearly 50 per cent completed at the end of 1940. It is estimated that about $40,000,000 will be expended on this project, which is scheduled to have a capacity of 700,000,000 kilowatt hours of energy in a year of average stream flow. The project, which includes locks and channelways for navigation, is expected to begin generating power late in 1941.

Mineral Products.

Production of the state's leading mineral, kaolin, in which it ranks next to Georgia, reached a volume of 158,629 tons, valued at $1,297,813 in 1939, the highest production on record, and about 20 per cent of the total national output. Stone production, chiefly granite, amounted in value to approximately $1,732,795 in 1939. Gold production was 13,833 fine ounces as compared with 11,681 fine ounces in 1938. All but 282 fine ounces of the gold produced came from the Haile mine near Kershaw, reputed to be the largest gold producer in the Southern Appalachian States.

Legislative Matters.

There was appropriated for the fiscal year ending July 1, 1941, a total sum of $13,054,254.32 for state expenses.

This does not include expenditures from earmarked income, such as gasoline tax and automobile license fees used for highways; beer, wine, and liquor tax used for education, etc. To meet the mounting state budget without imposing new taxes, the Legislature attempted for the second time to divert highway funds for general appropriation use. The diversion of $2,000,000 from the gasoline tax was ruled unconstitutional by the state Supreme Court, and as a consequence, the state faces a deficit of some $3,500,000 for the fiscal year ending July 1, 1941.

State Officers.

Governor, Burnet R. Maybank; Lieutenant Governor, J. E. Harley; Secretary of State, W. P. Blackwell; State Treasurer, Jeff Bates; Auditor, J. M. Smith; Attorney General, J. M. Daniel; State Superintendent of Education, J. H. Hope.

United States Senators:

Ellison D. Smith, James F. Byrnes.

1939: South Carolina

Area and Population.

One of the original thirteen states, South Carolina occupies a part of the eastern slope of the United States. It is roughly triangular in shape, with an east-west extent of 273 miles and a north-south extent of 210 miles. The total area of the state is 30,989 sq. mi., of which 494 are water. The highest elevation in the state is 3,548 ft. on Sassafras Mountain, located on the northwest border. The state is divided into three physiographic provinces which extend north-east south-west. The northwest marginal belt, some 500 sq. mi. in area, lies within the Blue Ridge province; the central belt, of about 10,500 sq. mi., is in the Piedmont Plateau province; and the southeastern or coastal belt of about 20,000 sq. mi. forms part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province.

The total population of the state, according to the census of 1930, was 1,738,765, which was made up of 944,040 white persons, 793,681 Negroes, and 1,944 of other races. The urban population amounted to 371,080 of whom 62.8 per cent were white: of the rural population of 1,367,685, 52.0 per cent were white. The latest Federal estimate of the population of the State was 1,875,000 as of July 1, 1937. The birth rate and the death rate for 1938 were 22.6 and 11.1 per thousand respectively.

South Carolina is 39th among the states in area, and 26th in population. In 1930 the average density of population was 57 persons per square mile.

The leading cities of the state with their 1930 populations are: Columbia, the capital, 51,581; Charleston, the principal seaport, 62,265; Greenville, 29,154; and Spartanburg, 28,723.

Education.

According to the 1930 Census South Carolina had 360,281 white, and 353,593 Negro inhabitants of school age (5 to 20 years). Of these 79 per cent of the white and 85.8 per cent of the Negro people of school age were rural inhabitants. For the school year 1938-39 there were 266,882 white and 220,728 Negro children enrolled in the public schools. The state has 1,496 white and 2,222 Negro elementary schools, and 315 white and 139 Negro high schools. The sum of approximately $16,000,000 was spent for public school education for the year, slightly more than half of which was state aid. The average teacher's salary in elementary schools was $646, or $866 for white and $349 for Negro teachers. For high school teachers the average salary was $1,003, or $1,087 for white and $541 for Negro teachers.

Industry.

For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1939, the total capital invested in all manufacturing industries of the state, according to preliminary figures, amounted to $394,563,426 which was a gain of $1,736,774 over the previous year. The total value of industrial products for the same period amounted to $382,290,041, an increase of $26,642,983.

The textile industry was the most important both as to capital invested and value of product, figures being $199,323,388 and $239,842,159 respectively. During the fiscal year 1938-39 the state had a total of 233 textile manufacturing plants in operation. There were in place 5,766,513 spindles and 146,631 looms. The average spindles active for the year numbered 5,377,564, which was 26,703 more than in the next highest state, North Carolina. The average of active spinning hours per spindle was 338 hours, 12 hours more than in Georgia, the next highest state.

Textile plants employed 96,139 persons as wage earners, whose wages totaled $64,993,309, an increase of $767,086 over the previous year. The mills of the state consumed 1,348,907 bales of cotton during the fiscal year, 88,297 bales more than the previous year.

Second to textiles in value of product were the industries having to do with forestry resources, such as lumber and timber, pulp and paper, and wooden packages. These industries reported the value of products at $33,029,081. The fertilizer industry had a product valued at $12,739,934.

In addition, electricity to the value of $16,198,350 was produced during the year. Construction which was started in 1938 has proceeded rapidly on two hydroelectric developments, the Buzzard's Roost project near Greenwood, and the Santee-Cooper project near Moncks Corner. The estimated cost of the Buzzard's Roost project is $4,500,000. Turbines developing 22,000 horsepower will be installed. It is estimated that about $40,000,000 will be expended on the Santee-Cooper project. Four 34,000 kilovolt ampere generators initially, with one additional unit ultimately, and one 11,350 kilovolt generator are to be installed. This project also includes locks and channelways for navigation. These projects will increase power developed in the state about 45 per cent.

Mineral Products.

Production of the state's leading mineral, kaolin, in which it ranks next to Georgia, was substantially reduced in volume in 1938, to 98,924 tons valued at $865,177, from the 1937 figure of 129,120 tons valued at $1,053,805. Stone, which with kaolin makes up about half of the total value of South Carolina's mineral resources, amounted in 1938 to 987,280 tons, about 50,000 tons more than in the preceding year, but with a reduced market value of $1,315,999. Gold production increased from 2,482 fine ounces in 1937 to 11,681 fine ounces in 1938.

Legislative Matters.

The state Legislature was in session from January 3 to July 1, the longest session on record. There was appropriated for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1939, a total sum of $12,553,208.39 for expenses of the state.

The Legislature provided for the transfer of $2,000,000 of revenue from the gasoline tax and motor-vehicle license tax to the general fund of the state, but allowed the Highway Department to issue additional certificates of indebtedness.

Welfare and Correction.

South Carolina maintains through state support the following institutions dealing with charity and correction: The South Carolina State Hospital at Columbia, for the care of mental cases; the State Sanatorium near Columbia for the treatment and segregation of tubercular patients; an Infirmary for the care of Confederate Veterans and their widows at Columbia; a Training School for the feeble-minded, at Clinton. A reservation of 652 acres and some 30 dwellings is managed by a State Agent for the Catawba Indians, near Rock Hill. The John De La Howe Industrial School located near McCormick gives agricultural and mechanical training to dependent boys and girls; and the State School for Deaf and Blind at Cedar Springs is maintained for the education of boys and girls so handicapped. The state also maintains four penal or correctional institutions: The State Penitentiary at Columbia; an Industrial School for boys at Florence; an Industrial School for Girls near Columbia, and a Reformatory for Negro boys near Columbia.

State Officers.

The chief officers of the state government during 1939 were: Governor, Burnet R. Maybank; Lieutenant Governor, J. E. Harley; Secretary of State, W. P. Blackwell; State Treasurer, E. P. Miller; Attorney General, J. M. Daniel; Adjutant General, J. C. Dozier; Comptroller General, A. J. Beattie; State Superintendent of Education. J. H. Hope.

United States Senators.

Ellison D. Smith, James F. Byrnes.

1938: South Carolina

Area and Population.

One of the thirteen original states, South Carolina ranks 39th in size. In population it ranks 20th, numbering 1,738,705 according to the census of 1939, 1,875,000 in July, 1937, according to a Federal estimate. The largest cities are Charleston, the principal seaport, 92,205 (1939 census); Columbia, the capital, 51,581; Greenville, 29,154.

Mineral Products.

The chief item in South Carolina's somewhat limited production of minerals is kaolin, in which it ranks second among the states or next to Georgia. The amount produced in 1938, 129,120 tons, was a little in excess of that for the preceding year. In value, it amounted to $1,053,805. This was almost half of the total value of South Carolina's minerals. There has been a marked increase in gold production in the state, from $64,200 in 1937 to well over $200,000 in 1938. The one large gold mine doubled its capacity late in the year.

Industry.

For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1938 the total capital invested in all industries of the state amounted to $392,826,652. This was a gain of $14,289,699 over the previous year. The total value of manufactured products for the same period amounted to $355,647,058, which was a decrease of $66,620,862 over the previous year. The textile industry was the most important both as to capital invested and value of product, the figures being $198,987,588 and $220,706,861 respectively. In 1938 the state had a total of 236 textile manufacturing plants, which had in place 5,753,779 spindles and 144,296 looms. In respect to active spindle hours and average hours per spindle the state has top rank. The mills of the state consumed 1,260,610 bales of cotton during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1938.

Second to textiles in value are lumber and timber products, which attained a total of $16,724,923 for the year ending June 30, 1938. Electricity was third in importance with a value of $15,870,164.

During 1938 construction was started on two large hydro-electric developments, the Buzzard's Roost project near Greenwood, and the Santee-Cooper project near Moncks Corner. The estimated cost of the Buzzard's Roost project is $3,500,000. Turbines developing 22,000 horsepower will be installed. It is estimated that about $40,000,000 will be expended in construction of the Santee-Cooper project. Turbines developing 213,300 horsepower will be installed. This project also includes locks and channelways for navigation. When completed these projects will increase power developed in the state by about 45 per cent.

Education.

For the school year 1937-38 there were 264,800 white and 223,949 Negro children enrolled in the public schools. Approximately $15,000,000 was spent for public school education during the year.

State Officers.

As the result of the election in November, 1938, the chief officers of the state are: Governor, Burnet R. Maybank; Lieutenant Governor, J. E. Harley; Secretary of State, W. P. Blackwell; State Treasurer, E. P. Miller; Attorney General, J. M. Daniel; Adjutant General, J. C. Dozier; Comptroller General, A. J. Beattie; State Superintendent of Education, J. H. Hope.

United States Senators:

Ellison D. Smith (reelected Nov. 8, 1938) and James F. Byrnes.