1941: National Parks And Monuments

The twenty-fifth anniversary of the establishment of the National Park Service was observed Aug. 25, 1941. Following the signing of the National Park Act by President Grant on March 1, 1872, by which the great Yellowstone country of northwest Wyoming became the first National Park in the United States, 16 National Parks and 21 National Monuments with no Federal agency responsible for their administration had been established prior to Aug. 25, 1916 when Congress passed legislation creating the National Park Service as a bureau of the United States Department of the Interior.

The National Park system, June 30, 1941, consists of 164 areas totaling 21,609,289.63 acres and including 26 national parks, 82 national monuments, 5 national historical parks, 11 national military parks, 7 national battlefield sites, 8 national historic sites, 9 national memorials, 12 national cemeteries, 3 national parkways, the Boulder Dam National Recreational Area, and the National Capital Parks in Washington, D.C.

Newton B. Drury, appointed in 1940, is Director of the Service.

Four National Historic Sites, one National Historical Park and one National Cemetery have been added to the National Park System during the past year.

Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, Roanoke Island, N.C., was established April 5, 1941, to preserve the site of the first attempted English settlement within the boundaries of the present United States. This was the site of Sir Walter Raleigh's famous 'Lost Colony' settlement. The mystery of the disappearance of the colonists has never been solved. Fort Raleigh was the birthplace of Virginia Dare, the first child of English parentage to be born in the New World.

Fort Raleigh will be part of the proposed Cape Hatteras Seashore National Recreational Area, embracing more than 100 miles of the barrier reef chain. It is but a few miles from Kill Devil Hill National Memorial, the site of the Wright Brothers' first flight in a heavier-than-air machine.

San Jose Mission National Historic Site, at San Antonio, Texas, established May 9, 1941, is regarded as one of the three finest Spanish missions in North America. The mission was established by Captain Juan Valdez, February 23, 1720, at the instigation of Father Antonio Margil in accordance with the then prevailing custom of joint military and religious cooperation for frontier missions.

The earliest buildings at San Jose were constructed between 1720 and 1731. The chapel, a remarkably beautiful edifice which now stands in a state of partial preservation, was erected between 1768 and 1781. According to tradition, the facade and baptistry window are the work of the Spanish artist Pedro Huisar, who had been forced by an unhappy love affair to seek the northern frontier of Mexico.

Manassas National Battlefield Park, comprising 1,604,57 acres in Virginia, was established May 10, 1940. Here were fought the battles of First Manassas on July 21, 1861, and of Second Manassas on Aug. 29-30, 1862. The First Manassas, or Battle of Bull Run, was the first critical engagement of the Northern and Southern Armies. In this battle, the southern generals Johnston and Beauregard defeated the northern general McDowell and stopped the North's first 'On to Richmond' campaign. At second Manassas, Lee stopped another Northern drive into the South.

Vanderbilt Mansion Historic Site was established Dec. 18, 1940. It comprises 211,65 acres in Dutchess County, N.Y., overlooking the Hudson River near Hyde Park and includes the luxurious mansion of the late Frederick W. Vanderbilt. The mansion is an outstanding example of the palatial American type of residence of the period 1880-1900.

Saratoga National Historical Park, in New York state near Saratoga, was established Feb. 7, 1941. At the battle of Saratoga, fought October 1777, the Americans under General Gates defeated the British under General Burgoyne in a crucial engagement which is recognized as the turning point of the American Revolution. The Park comprises 2,379 acres, of which 1,429 acres, included in the Saratoga Battlefield Reservation, were donated by New York State.

Custer Battlefield National Cemetery, on U.S. Highway 87 in northern Wyoming, was the scene of the famous Battle of the Little Big Horn River, June 25, 1876. In this engagement Lieutenant-Colonel George A. Custer and his command of 226 men were destroyed to a man by the Sioux Indians. This cemetery was transferred to the National Park Service, July 1, 1940.

Eventual establishment of Big Bend National Park, the 'Good Neighbor' park project on the Rio Grande, was assured when the governor of Texas signed a bill on Aug. 1, 1941, appropriating $1,500,000 for the purchase of lands. This park will comprise approximately 800,000 acres on the United States side of the Rio Grande river and 500,000 acres in Mexico.

The National Park Service has waived all entrance fees for Army and Navy men in uniform in all of the 164 areas under its jurisdiction as part of its program of cooperation with the national government in providing leisure time activities for Army and Navy personnel.

The National Park Service is also operating 32 week-end rest camps near Army encampments in 19 states and the District of Columbia. These camps, established in national, state, and county parks and recreational areas are within walking distance of the downtown sections of selected towns and cities. They are being developed with Civilian Conservation Corps labor, each to accommodate from 200 to 2,000 men. Development plans call for water and sanitary systems, portable tent platforms, swimming facilities wherever possible, and recreation halls.

Attendance records during the travel year which closed September 1941, showed an increase of more than 4,000,000 visitors or 26 per cent over 1940, the highest travel year previously recorded. Figures for 1941 show that a total of 21,050,426 people visited the areas under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service. According to these figures, which include 150,000 Army and Navy men in uniform, 16 per cent of the total population of the United States made some use of the National Park areas during the year.

Great Smoky Mountain National Park in Tennessee and North Carolina, dedicated Labor Day, Sept. 2, 1940, lead all parks in attendance with 1,247,019 visitors. Shenandoah in Virginia was second and Rocky Mountain in Colorado was third. Yosemite and Yellowstone National Parks also reported more than 500,000 visitors apiece. Only two parks, Mt. Rainier in Washington and Kings Canyon in California, showed any decrease in number of visitors.

1940: National Parks And Monuments

Scenic, recreational, and historical areas administered by the National Park Service under the Department of the Interior totaled 21,534,377.46 acres (33,647.49 sq. miles) on April 15, 1940, an increase of 717,149.32 acres (1,120.59 sq. miles) during the previous twelve months period.

Newton B. Drury was appointed Director of the National Park Service by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes upon the resignation of Arno B. Cammerer who had served as Director for many years. Mr. Drury, a Californian, comes of a pioneer western family, and like two former Directors of the National Park Service, Stephen Mather and Horace M. Albright, is a graduate of the University of California. He particularly distinguished himself in his work for the California State Park System. Beginning in 1929, he held the position of Investigating Officer of the California Park Commission and personally investigated and superintended the investment of approximately $12,000,000 in state park lands. He also served as secretary of the Save-the-Redwoods League throughout most of the long and eventually successful campaign which that organization waged to save the groves of giant Redwood trees from being cut down for timber.

Two national Parks, Kings Canyon and Isle Royale, were established during the year; one, the General Grant National Park, was abolished.

Kings Canyon National Park, established by Act of March 4, 1940, is an area of 444,600 acres in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range of California. It lies just north of Sequoia National Park and to the south of Yosemite National Park. The Act creating this park also abolished the General Grant National Park and decreed that its lands should be included in the new park as the General Grant Grove Section. This park also includes the Redwood Mountain area of approximately 10,000 acres which is famous for its groves of Big Trees, Sequoia gigantea.

The park, according to present plans, will have very few automobile roads and will be kept as a primitive area. From the San Joaquin Valley to the west, the park can be reached by way of Fresno, through the General Grant section via the new extension of the General's Highway which carries up to the floor of the Kings River Canyon. From the Owens Valley on the eastern side, it is reached only by pack animal trails through Kearsarge, Taboose, and Bishop passes.

The park is a mountain climbers' paradise. Within its area are two hundred mountain peaks over 12,000 feet high and four peaks which reach an elevation of more than 14,000 feet. Approximately 400 alpine lakes and tarns lie at elevations varying from 9,500 to greater than 12,000 feet. Lake Rae (10,560 feet) has long been recognized as one of the most beautiful alpine lakes in the Western Hemisphere. The Kings River Canyon, from which the park derives its name, is nine miles long, ranges in depth from 2,000 to 2,500 feet, and averages but three-eighths of a mile in width at the base of the cliffs. Of the many tremendous canyons in the park, the most beautiful is that of the South Fork of the Kings River which lies at a high altitude and at right angles to the main canyon and to the crest of the Sierra Nevada. In winter the park region is buried beneath snow and ice; in summer it abounds in alpine flora — lupine, columbine, polemonium. The famous John Muir Trail, extending from Yosemite to Mount Whitney, passes through the entire length of the Kings Canyon park. Preservation of this region as a national park was originally proposed by John Muir, in 1891. Efforts to have it set aside as a park have been carried on through the years by members of the mountain climbing Sierra Club of California.

Isle Royale National Park, in northwestern Michigan, comprises the entire area, 133,405 acres, of the largest island in Lake Superior. The park was established April 3, 1940 when the last of the lands prescribed by an Act of March 3, 1931 were acquired. The island is forty-four miles long. Parallel ridges of hills which cross it were formerly mined for copper. The island has interesting archeological remains, excellent pine forests, and its shoreline is particularly beautiful. A bird refuge and game preserve are included in the park and on this island moose are found in large numbers.

The following National Monuments were established:

Appomattox Court House National Historical Monument, Virginia, established April 10, 1940, comprises 970 acres. It marks the scene of the battle of Appomattox Court House which on April 9, 1865, brought the Civil War to a close with the surrender of the Confederate Army under General Robert E. Lee to the Federal Army under General Ulysses S. Grant.

Whitman National Monument, Washington, was established on January 20, 1940. It consists of 45.93 acres on the site of the Waiilatpu Mission which was founded in 1836 by Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife, Narcissus Prentiss Whitman, a famous pioneer couple among the early Americans who settled in disputed Oregon County.

Official designation of three areas was changed by Congress: The Chalmette Monument and Grounds, Louisiana, was changed to the Chalmette National Historical Park by Act of August 10, 1939; the Abraham Lincoln National Park, Kentucky, was changed to the Abraham Lincoln National Historical Park; and the Ft. McHenry National Park, Maryland, was changed to Ft. McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine, the two latter changes by Act of August 11, 1939.

By Presidential Proclamations the total acreage in existing areas has been changed as follows: On October 28, 1939, the Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument, Colorado was enlarged from 11,197.76 to 13,968.55 acres. On January 2, 1940, the Olympic National Park, Washington, was enlarged from 648,000 to 835,411 acres. The area of the Grand Canyon National Monument, Arizona, was reduced on April 6, 1940 from 273,145 to 201,291 acres.

1939: National Parks And Monuments

According to the Department of the Interior, a total of 1,623,295 acres was added to the scenic, recreational, and historical areas administered by the National Park Service during the year ending June 30, 1939. The number of areas administered by the Federal Park system increased from 144 to 154 and several of the existing areas were enlarged.

No national parks have been added since the establishment of Olympic National Park, June 29, 1938, and the status of two areas formerly so classified was changed, making an official total of twenty-five areas administered as National Parks. Abraham Lincoln National Park, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, was changed to a national historical park; and Fort McHenry National Park, near Baltimore, Maryland, became a national monument and historical shrine, according to a bill signed Aug. 16, 1939, by the President.

Including Fort McHenry, six national monuments were established during the year ending Sept. 30, 1939, making a total of eighty.

Ackia Battleground National Monument, established by presidential proclamation Oct. 25, 1938, is an area of 49.15 acres near Tupelo, Mississippi.

Homestead National Monument of America, near Beatrice, Nebraska, preserves the first claim to be filed for lands under the General Homestead Act signed by President Lincoln in 1862 which opened the West to free settlement. This first farm was given to Daniel Freeman. Area: 160.82 acres.

Badlands National Monument, in the Black Hills section of South Dakota, was established Jan. 25, 1939. It includes 150,103.41 acres and extends for 39 miles in a curving arc north of the White River and Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.

Santa Rosa Island National Monument, comprising 9,500 acres of a barrier reef of exceedingly clear white sand off the coast of Florida, southeast of Pensacola, was established May 17, 1939. The reef is 44 miles long and from one-eighth to one-half mile wide.

Tuzigoot National Monument, established July 25, 1939, includes 42,663 acres on the Verde River near Clarksdale in north central Arizona. Tuzigoot Ruin, a rambling prehistoric pueblo, which this monument was established to preserve, is of archeological interest.

During the past year three National Historical Sites have been established. This makes, with Salem Maritime Historical Site, established March 17, 1938, a total of four areas under this new classification.

Hopewell Village Historical Site, near Reading, Pennsylvania, is one of the finest examples of American 18th century iron-making villages. A total of 213.70 acres were set aside Aug. 3, 1938 for this site which is being developed in connection with a 5,000 acre Recreational Demonstration Project.

Federal Hall Memorial National Historical Site, at Broad and Wall Streets, New York City, now occupied by the old Subtreasury building, was set aside May 26, 1939, in connection with the celebration of the Sesquicentennial of the inauguration of George Washington as first president of the United States.

Old Philadelphia Custom House National Historical Site was established May 26, 1939. The building, completed in 1824, is one of the earliest and finest examples of Greek architecture in the United States.

The Blue Ridge National Parkway, the George Washington Memorial National Parkway (which includes the former Mt. Vernon Memorial Highway), and the Natchez Trace National Parkway were removed from the classification of projects and listed with areas administered by the National Park Service.

The following boundary revisions were included in changes during the past year: the area of Glacier Bay National Monument, Alaska, was increased from 1,164,800 acres to 2,299,520 acres; Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico, from 10,080 acres to 49,568 acres; Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, from 80 acres to 203,965 acres; Walnut Canyon National Monument, Arizona, from 960 acres to 1,879 acres; and Big Hole Battlefield National Monument, Montana, from 5 acres to 200 acres.

Recorded tourist travel to all the units of the Federal park system in the travel year ending Sept. 30, 1939 reached a grand total of 15,454,367 persons. Visitors to the twenty-five national parks accounted for 6,804,216 of this total, an increase of nearly a quarter of a million persons over the 1938 park-travel figure. Travel to the 63 reporting national monuments of the system also increased from 2,313,630 in 1938 to 2,566,452 in 1939. The number of persons visiting Boulder Dam National Recreational Area in Nevada and Arizona rose from 564,800 to 611,895. A decline in attendance was shown by national historical parks, battlefield sites and national military parks.

Although on paper, the Federal Park system attendance for 1938 exceeds that for 1939 by 779,321 persons, in reality, 1939 saw a general increase in attendance. This seeming contradiction is accounted for by the fact that, due to the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the battle of Gettysburg, the number of visitors at Gettysburg National Military Park in 1938 exceeded the 1939 record by 946,109 persons.

National parks and monuments on or adjacent to the coast to coast route between the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs all showed marked increase in visitors. An interesting item is the 50 per cent increase reported by Mount McKinley National Park in Alaska — 1,487 in 1938 vs. 2,262 in 1939.

Shenandoah National Park in northwestern Virginia with a recorded attendance of 911,612 persons and 270,833 automobiles, due to the popularity of its magnificent new Skyline Drive continues to lead all parks in travel. See also CONSERVATION; UNITED STATES: Budget.

1938: National Parks And Monuments

Additions for National Parks.

Olympic National Park.

Olympic National Park, established June 29, 1938, is located on the Olympic Peninsula in northwestern Washington State. The park has as its nucleus the former Mount Olympus National Monument, which was established in 1909 by President Theodore Roosevelt. The setting aside of this area is the result of a long and bitter light to save the finest remnant of the great forests of the Pacific Northwest. The Act creating this newest national park provides for immediate inclusion of 648,000 acres (1,012.5 square miles), or nearly twice the area of the National Monument, and authorizes the President to add lands from Olympic National forest and any lands that may be acquired by gift or purchase to a total of 898,292 acres. Rugged ice-capped peaks, numerous glaciers, and dark but vividly green 'rain forests' of giant moss-festooned spruce and fir are among notable features of the region, which is also the summer feeding ground of the rare Roosevelt elk.

In June 1938, a tract of 203,965 acres in Colorado and Utah was added to the original 80 acres of Dinosaur National Monument.

An addition of 86 square miles was authorized also in June 1938, for Hawaii National Park in the Territory of Hawaii, which will include 12 miles of ocean shore and areas of historic, archaeological, and scenic interest.

A particularly significant addition of 7,200 acres on the western boundary of Yosemite National Park was made July 9, 1937. This tract contains a representative stand of the rare sugar pines which grow only in California and Oregon and have been ruthlessly cut down by commercial interests because of their great lumber value. These trees attain a height of 240 ft. with an 8- or 9-ft. diameter and rank in spectacular beauty with the redwoods.

The area of Death Valley National Monument was enlarged to 1,907,720 acres on March 2, 1937; and, on Sept. 7, 1937, the entire area of Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor was added to the Statue of Liberty National Monument, which formerly had comprised only the 2½ acres actually occupied by the statue.

Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial National Monument.

Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial National Monument, on Lake Erie near Port Clinton, Ohio, was established July 6, 1936; area, 14 acres. It commemorates the famous victory of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry over the British fleet in the Battle of Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813; and also the 100 years peace between the United States and Great Britain, which had been consummated when the Perry Memorial was dedicated in 1913.

Yellowstone National Park.

Yellowstone National Park was the first National Park to be established in this country and was the first as such to be set aside in the entire world. It was established by President Grant, March 1, 1872, 'for the benefit and enjoyment of the people.' Yellowstone is still the largest of our national parks, comprising (June 30, 1938) 3,471.51 square miles and extending into Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Sequoia, established Sept. 25, 1890, to preserve groves and forests of California Big Trees, was the second National Park to be set aside and was followed quickly by the establishment on Oct. 1, 1890, of both the adjacent General Grant National Park and Yosemite.

National Monuments Recently Established.

Fort Laramie National Monument.

Fort Laramie National Monument was established by presidential proclamation in July 1938. It includes 214 acres at the fork of the Laramie and North Platte rivers in eastern Wyoming. The original old fort was established in 1834 as a trading post. It became a military station on the Oregon Trail and an outfitting base for pioneers, when the great migration to the Pacific Coast began in the 1840's, and is particularly famous for its association with such romantic characters in the building of the West as Kit Carson, Jim Bridger, 'Buffalo Bill,' General John C. Fremont, and Captain Bonneville.

Channel Islands National Monument.

Channel Islands National Monument includes parts of the Anacapa and Santa Barbara islands off the coast of Southern California; area, 581.76 acres; was established by proclamation, April 26, 1938. The islands are noteworthy because of fossil remains of Pleistocene elephants, examples of ancient volcanism and unusual marine life.

Joshua Tree National Monument.

Joshua Tree National Monument, located south of the Mojave Desert in California; established Aug. 10, 1936; area, 837,480 acres; contains among other examples of unusual desert flora a representative stand of the rare and rapidly diminishing Joshua-tree. These fantastic 'trees' belong to the lily family and attain a height of 10 to 30 ft.

Pipestone National Monument.

Pipestone National Monument, situated near Pipestone, Minnesota; established Aug. 25, 1937; area, 115.39 acres; is notable for its many historical associations, but particularly for the stone quarry from which the Indians obtained the material for the peace pipes they used in their ceremonies.

Capitol Reef National Monument.

Capitol Reef National Monument, near Richfield, Utah, northeast of Bryce Canyon National Park; established Aug. 2, 1937; area, 37,060 acres; is named for the dome-shaped formations of white sandstone which crown lower strata of reddish-brown in a colorful and geologically important buttressed cliff which extends for approximately twenty miles within the boundary of the monument. Area also includes fossils, imprints of prehistoric animals, petrified trees, and cliff dwellings.

Zion National Monument.

Zion National Monument, in southwestern Utah; established Jan. 22, 1937; area, 49,150 acres; has as its principal feature the comparatively 'young' geological formation known as Kolob Canyon. The great red sandstone cliffs in this canyon are even more vivid in color than cliffs in Zion National Park. Another feature is the famous Hurricane Fault, showing cliffs that were thrust up to a height exceeding 300 ft. by splitting of the earth's crust.

Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument.

Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in southwestern Arizona; established by proclamation April 13, 1937; area, 330,687 acres; contains unusually fine examples of the picturesque Organ Pipe Cactus as well as other unique forms of native plant and animal life. The historic Camino del Diablo passes through the Monument.

Ocmulgee National Monument.

Ocmulgee National Monument, situated near Macon, Georgia; established Dec. 23, 1936; area, 688.48 acres; includes Indian mounds which are significant because of the light they have shed on Indian civilization in the southeast before the arrival of the white man.

Number of National Parks and Monuments.

There are 27 National Parks under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, with a total area of 14,802.46 square miles, or 9,473,572,569 acres (as of Oct. 1, 1938). This includes Hawaii National Park in the Territory of Hawaii and Mount McKinley National Park in Alaska.

With the establishment of Fort Laramie National Park, there are 74 National Monuments, totaling 12,791.84 square miles, or 8,186,779.27 acres.

National Park Attendance.

During the travel year ending September 1937, 8,783,289 recorded persons visited the National Parks and Monuments, representing an average of approximately 1 out of every 15 persons in the entire country and a 440 per cent increase in attendance over 1927.

A primary reason for the phenomenal increase in National Park and Monument attendance is the concentrated attention being paid by the National Park Service to the development of camping, picnicking, and other year-around recreational facilities within the areas which may be enjoyed by the public, but under the strictest supervision to prevent their abuse.

National Historical Parks.

A classification of Parks to be known as National Historical Parks has been authorized by Congress to bring Revolutionary Battle areas under the supervision of the National Park Service. The first of these parks, at Morristown, N.J., was the site of General Washington's headquarters during 1779-80 and the site of important military encampments during the Revolution. Colonial National Monument was changed to Colonial Historical Park in 1936. This Park includes Yorktown, where in 1781 Cornwallis surrendered. A third Historical Park was authorized June 1, 1938, to be established at Saratoga, N. Y., where the surrender of General Burgoyne's army to General Horatio Gates, on Oct. 17, 1777, presaged Colonial victory in the Revolution.

By an Act of Congress known as the Historic Sites Legislation, the Secretary of the Interior is vested with authority to designate historic sites of national significance to be administered by the National Park Service. The first site so designated is Salem Maritime; established March 17, 1938; area, 8,609 acres; located at Salem, Mass. It will commemorate the most flourishing epoch in New England maritime history, the period when Salem was pioneering in opening up trade with the Far East. The old Customs House, where Nathaniel Hawthorne worked, is also included.

National Parkways.

National Parkways are a new cooperative Federal and state undertaking of important recreational as well as scenic value. For these the state furnishes the necessary right of way and scenic easement, and the actual construction funds are appropriated by the Federal Government and are administered under the direction of the National Park Service. The completed Mount Vernon Highway, following the Potomac River and connecting Washington, D. C., with Mount Vernon, is the first link in the projected George Washington Memorial Parkway. The Blue Ridge Parkway, the longest single-unit recreational parkway now planned in the United States, will extend approximately 480 miles and connect Shenandoah National Park with Great Smoky National Park. Natchez Trace Parkway, approximately following the old Natchez Trace Indian Trail, will extend 466 miles from Nashville, Tenn., to Natchez, Miss.

Recreational Demonstration Projects.

Of inestimable importance in national recreation has been the establishment of 46 Recreational Demonstration Projects. These projects located in 24 states and comprising 354,787 acres (June 30, 1938) were established between June 16, 1933, and June 29, 1937. They are classified according to the following types:

1. Vacation areas for low income groups in adjacent cities and rural sections.

2. Wayside developments providing facilities for picnicking.

3. Possible additions to existing National Parks and National Monuments.

4. Scenic areas adjoining State recreational lands for possible addition to State Park Systems.

Thirty-two of the areas are being developed primarily for organized camping because of the increasing recognition of the educational value of this type of recreation for adults as well as for children.

Boulder Dam National Recreational Area is another innovation under the supervision of the National Park Service. It was established Oct. 13, 1936, and includes 1,699,573 acres in Nevada and Arizona. Boulder Dam and Lake Mead, which is 115 miles long and is the largest artificial lake in the world, are within the area. Cliffs surrounding the dam and the lake and also a canyon are utilized by the public for recreational purposes.

The United States Tourist Bureau was established, Feb. 4, 1937, within the Department of the Interior as a division of the National Park Service. This bureau is making an important contribution in the fields of recreation, economic welfare, and international relations by distributing literature, maps, and other travel information supplied by the Federal Government, by states, and by private interests in the United States. Its first field office is at 45 Broadway, New York City. Traveling and permanent exhibits will be supervised by the bureau, which will also produce motion pictures in English and foreign languages. During the first year a series of weekly short-wave programs were broadcast to Europe and South America featuring travel attractions of each of the 48 states.

Federal and State Cooperation.

A plan of Federal and state cooperation inaugurated in 1933 under the National Park Service has developed an effective nation-wide system for the master planning and achievement of state, county, and municipal Park, Parkway, and Recreational-Area projects. During the period between Oct. 1, 1936, and Sept. 13, 1937, the National Park Service cooperated with 152 separate state, county, and municipal park administrative agencies in developing 543 different areas totaling 1,244,713.72 acres in 47 states (Delaware not included). This cooperative project is resulting in a definite park and recreation program for the entire nation.